Data and Privacy

Kazakhstan lacks AI expertise but pursues development. Initial steps on AI regulation taken, but concerns over surveillance and privacy persist. International engagement increasing.

Mexico's 2018 AI strategy is on hold. A multi-stakeholder agenda was issued in 2020. Data protection laws exist, but concerns over surveillance and rights persist.

Kuwait lacks a national AI strategy but addresses AI within its Vision 2035 plan. It endorsed UNESCO's AI Ethics Recommendation but faces challenges in data protection and rights.

Luxembourg's AI strategy prioritises human-centric, trustworthy AI. It enforces GDPR, opposes autonomous weapons, and conducted public consultations on AI policy in 2020.

Estonia's 2022 AI strategy emphasises trustworthy AI. The country plans laws for high-risk algorithmic systems and explores AI in public services, balancing innovation and ethics.

Egypt's AI strategy focuses on government efficiency, economic applications, and capacity building. The country adopted an AI Charter in 2023, emphasising ethics and transparency.