Country Reports

Spain's AI strategy allocates €600M, emphasising trust and ethics. The country created AESIA, EU's first AI oversight agency, amid independence concerns.

Sweden's AI strategy aims for ethical, safe AI. The country is active in EU policy, emphasising human-centric AI and balancing innovation with rights.

Switzerland's AI guidelines emphasize people-centric approach, transparency, and accountability. The country aligns AI policy with broader digital strategy.

Thailand's AI strategy targets 10 sectors, emphasising digital empowerment but lacks explicit mentions of fundamental rights and fairness in AI development.

Tunisia is in the nascent stages of developing a national AI strategy, with efforts underway to establish a framework for responsible AI development and use.

Turkey has AI strategy emphasising ethics. Data protection law needs updating. Open data initiative launched. Concerns over rights, EdTech, and autonomous weapons. Copy

Japan favours non-binding AI guidance over strict regulation. It updated APPI in 2022 and leads global initiatives like G7 Hiroshima AI Process.

UAE leads Gulf in AI strategy. Ethical guidelines established. Data protection law adopted. Concerns over surveillance and rights persist. Engaged in global AI efforts.

Malta's AI strategy emphasises ethical development with a certification programme planned. Concerns persist over AI-powered surveillance projects and privacy issues.

Netherlands launched AI plan, algorithm registry, and oversight body. Faced challenges with discriminatory algorithms. Active in international AI governance.

Saudi Arabia's NSDAI aims for top 15 in AI by 2030. The kingdom advances AI development but faces human rights and privacy concerns.

Mauritius enacted data protection laws, ratified Convention 108+, and established an AI Council. Concerns persist over surveillance and biometric data collection.

France pursues AI leadership through its national strategy, but faces tensions between innovation goals and protecting fundamental rights.

No national AI strategy. Digital transformation plan in progress. Data protection law incomplete. Engaged in regional AI initiatives. Privacy concerns over e-identity plans.

Myanmar lacks AI strategy and data protection laws. AI-powered surveillance raises human rights concerns. Recent laws weaken privacy protections post-2021 coup.